Ubunini bwa karuboni mu byuma bitagira umugese

Karuboni ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize icyuma cyo mu nganda. Imikorere n'imiterere y'icyuma bigenwa ahanini n'ingano ya karuboni mu cyuma n'uko ikwirakwira. Ingaruka za karuboni ni ingenzi cyane mu cyuma kitagira umwanda. Ingaruka za karuboni ku miterere y'icyuma kitagira umwanda zigaragarira ahanini mu bintu bibiri. Ku ruhande rumwe, karuboni ni ikintu gituza austenite, kandi ingaruka ni nini (inshuro zigera kuri 30 z'icya nikeli), ku rundi ruhande, bitewe n'ubucucike bwinshi bwa karuboni na chromium. Ni nini, hamwe na chromium - uruhererekane rw'ibintu bigoye. Kubwibyo, mu bijyanye n'imbaraga no kurwanya ingese, uruhare rwa karuboni mu cyuma kitagira umwanda ruravuguruzanya.

Dukurikije amategeko y’iyi ngaruka, dushobora guhitamo ibyuma bitangiza ikirere bifite ingano itandukanye ya karuboni hashingiwe ku bisabwa mu mikoreshereze itandukanye.
Urugero, ingano ya chromium isanzwe mu byuma bitanu bya 0Crl3 ~ 4Cr13, ari na byo bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda kandi ari byo bike, ishyirwa kuri 12 ~ 14%, ni ukuvuga ibintu bituma karuboni na chromium bikora karuboni. Intego nyamukuru ni uko nyuma yuko karuboni na chromium bihujwe muri karuboni, ingano ya chromium mu gisubizo gikomeye itazaba iri munsi y’ingano ya chromium ya 11.7%.

Ku bijyanye n'ibi byiciro bitanu by'icyuma, bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ingano ya karuboni, imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa nabyo biratandukanye. Ubudahangarwa na ruswa bw'icyuma cya 0Cr13 ~ 2Crl3 ni bwiza ariko imbaraga ni nkeya ugereranyije n'iz'icyuma cya 3Crl3 na 4Cr13. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibice by'inyubako.
Bitewe n’uko karuboni nyinshi, ibyuma bibiri bishobora kugira imbaraga nyinshi kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu gukora amasoko, ibyuma n’ibindi bice bisaba imbaraga nyinshi no kudashira. Urugero, kugira ngo harebwe ingese hagati y’icyuma cya 18-8 chromium-nickel stainless steel, ingano ya karuboni mu cyuma ishobora kugabanuka ikagera munsi ya 0.03%, cyangwa ikintu (titanium cyangwa niobium) gifite imbaraga nyinshi kurusha chromium na karuboni gishobora kongerwamo kugira ngo kidakora karuboni. Urugero, chromium, iyo imbaraga nyinshi no kudashira ari byo bisabwa by’ingenzi, dushobora kongera ingano ya karuboni mu cyuma mu gihe twongera ingano ya chromium mu buryo bukwiye, kugira ngo twuzuze ibisabwa byo gukomera no kudashira, kandi tuzirikane uburyo bumwe bwo kurwanya ingese, ikoreshwa mu nganda nk’ibyuma bipima, ibikoresho byo gupima n’ibyuma bifite icyuma cya 9Cr18 na 9Cr17MoVCo, nubwo ingano ya karuboni iri hejuru ya 0.85 ~ 0.95%, kuko ingano ya chromium na yo yiyongera uko bikwiye, bityo biracyatanga icyizere cyo kudashira. Bisabwa.

Muri rusange, ingano ya karuboni mu byuma bitagira umushongi bikoreshwa mu nganda ubu iri hasi cyane. Ibyinshi mu byuma bitagira umushongi bifite ingano ya karuboni iri hagati ya 0.1 na 0.4%, naho ibyuma bidashobora aside bifite ingano ya karuboni iri hagati ya 0.1 na 0.2%. Ibyuma bitagira umushongi bifite ingano ya karuboni irenga 0.4% bigize igice gito cy'umubare w'ibipimo byose, kuko mu bihe byinshi byo gukoreshwa, ibyuma bitagira umushongi bihora bifite ingano yo kudashonga nk'inzoga. Byongeye kandi, ingano nto ya karuboni iterwa n'ibisabwa mu buryo bumwe na bumwe, nko gusudira byoroshye no guhindura ubukonje.