Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe
- Insinga 316 z'icyuma kitagira umugeseni inama zacu zikomeye ku bidukikije byo mu mazi no mu nyanja, kuko bimara amasaha arenga 1.500 mu igeragezwa rya ASTM B117 riterwa n'umunyu.
- Insinga 304 z'icyuma kitagira umugeseitanga uburyo buhendutse bwo kwibasirwa n’amazi mu mazi, nubwo yapfa amasaha 800 kugeza ku 1.200 mbere yuko ingese igaragara.
- Insinga 201 z'icyuma kitagira umugesentibikwiriye gukoreshwa mu mazi, bigaragaza ingese mu masaha 150 kugeza kuri 300 uhereye igihe umunyu wakoreshejwe.
- Ikizamini cya ASTM B117 cyo gusukura umunyu ni bwo buryo busanzwe dukoresha mu kugereranya neza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese hagati y’ibipimo.
- Ingano ya molybdenum mu gipimo cya 316 ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gitandukanya chloride mu bidukikije byo mu mazi.
- Turakugira inama yoingamba zo gutanga amasoko mu byiciro bitandukanye: 316 ku bice by'amazi n'ibiyaga, 304 ku bice by'ikirere.
- Igiciro cy’ubwishingizi ku 316 hejuru ya 304 ubusanzwe ni hagati ya 20-40%, ibi bikaba bigaragazwa n’igihe kirekire cyane cyo gukora mu mazi.
Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko
- Impamvu icyuma kitagira umugese gikwiye gukoreshwa mu gushyiramo insinga mu bidukikije byo mu mazi
- Imiterere ya shimi: 304 vs 316 vs 201 Ugereranije
- Uburyo bwo gupima ifiriti y'umunyu ya ASTM B117 bwasobanuwe
- Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya Spray y'umunyu: Amakuru yacu yo kugereranya 304 vs 316 vs 201
- Porogaramu zo mu mazi zo mu isi nyayo kuri buri cyiciro
- Ibiciro ugereranije n'imikorere y'amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko
- Gahunda yacu yo gufata ibyemezo ku bijyanye n'amasoko ku nsinga zo mu mazi
- Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Impamvu icyuma kitagira umugese gikwiye gukoreshwa mu gushyiramo insinga mu bidukikije byo mu mazi
Iyo dukorana n'amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko yo mu mazi n'abahanga mu by'imashini zo mu mazi, ikibazo twumva cyane ni iki:"Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'icyuma kidasangwa dukwiye kugaragaza ku bijyanye n'imigozi yacu?"Ni ikibazo gikomeye kuko ibisobanuro bitari byo bishobora gutuma habaho kwangirika vuba, kongera gushyiramo ibikoresho bihenze, ndetse no guteza ibibazo by’umutekano ku bwato, ku mbuga n’ibikorwa remezo by’icyambu. Ubunararibonye bwacu mu nganda.imigozi y'icyuma kitagira umugeseyatweretse ko guhitamo amanota ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane kigena imikorere y'igihe kirekire mu bidukikije byangiza.
Twabonye amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko atakoresheje uburyo buhendutse buhari, ariko nyuma y'amezi menshi twasanze imigozi yabo y'insinga yarangiritse kandi yatakaje imiterere yayo.Kubera koibidukikije byo mu mazi bishyira ibintu bihambira ku buryo buhoraho, bivanze n’umunyu, imirasire ya UV, ubushuhe, n’ubushyuhe, ntidushobora gukabya akamaro ko guhitamo urwego rwiza rw’icyuma gifunga kuva ku ntangiriro. Ingano eshatu zikunze kugaragara ku nsinga z’icyuma gifunga ni izi:304, 316, na201, kandi nubwo zishobora kugaragara nk'izishyirwa mu bikorwa, imikorere yazo iratandukana cyane uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Muri iyi nkuru, dushingiye ku bunararibonye bwacu bw'imyaka myinshi mu gukora imigozi y'insinga n'imigozi y'icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo dutange igereranya rirambuye ry'ibi byiciro bitatu. Tuzakwereka uburyo bwacu bwo gupima umunyu, tugaragaze ibyavuye muri laboratwari, kandi dutange uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo byo kugura ibicuruzwa abakiriya bacu bakoresha mu mishinga yo mu mazi no mu kubaka amato ku isi yose.
Imiterere ya shimi: 304 vs 316 vs 201 Ugereranije
Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe impamvu imiterere imwe n'imwe ikora neza mu mazi, tugomba gusuzuma icyo buri cyuma kitagira umushongi kirimo ku rwego rwa metallurgike. Ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma kitagira umushongi buturuka ahanini ku gipimo cya chromium, kigize urwego rwa chromium oxide rudakora ku buso. Ariko, ibintu by'inyongera bivangavanga - cyane cyanenikelinamolibdenum— bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugena uburyo urwego rudakora rwihanganira ibitero bya kloride mu bidukikije bitera umunyu. Dushaka ibikoresho byacu nk'imigozi y'icyuma gikonje n'imirongo, kandi tukagenzura imiterere ya buri gice mbere yuko umusaruro utangira.
Dore uko ibipimo bitatu bigereranywa mu miterere yabyo ya shimi:
| Igice | 304 (18Cr-8Ni) | 316 (16Cr-10Ni-2Mo) | 201 (17Cr-4.5Ni-6Mn) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0 – 20.0% | 16.0 – 18.0% | 17.0 – 19.0% |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8.0 – 10.5% | 10.0 – 14.0% | 1.0 – 5.0% |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | Nta na kimwe | 2.0 – 3.0% | Nta na kimwe |
| Manganese (Mn) | Ntarengwa 2.0% | Ntarengwa 2.0% | 5.5 – 7.5% |
| Azote (N) | Ntarengwa 0.10% | Ntarengwa 0.10% | Ntarengwa 0.25% |
| Karuboni (C) | Ntarengwa 0.08% | Ntarengwa 0.08% | Ntarengwa 0.15% |
Ikintu cy'ingenzi gitandukanya imikorere y'amazi yo mu nyanja ni molybdenum.Turabigaragaza kuko 316 ari yo ngano yonyine muri eshatu irimo molybdenum (2-3%), itanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe ku ihumana ry’imyobo n’imyenge iterwa na iyoni za chloride.Kubera koIbidukikije byo mu mazi bikungahaye kuri iyoni za kloride zikomoka ku munyu wo mu nyanja, kuba molybdenum ihari cyangwa idafite ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu nama zacu zo gukoresha mu mazi. Ibi bihuye n'amahame ya siyansi y'ibikoresho yanditswe naIncamake y'icyuma kitagira umugese cya Wikipedian'amahame ngenderwaho y'ubuhanga mu by'ingufu yashyizwe ahagaragara naNACE Mpuzamahanga.
Ingano ya 201 ifite impungenge zihariye twifuza ko abaguzi bo mu mazi basobanukirwa. Kugira ngo tugabanye ibiciro, 201 isimbuza byinshi mu bigize nikeli yayo na manganese na azote. Nubwo ibi bituma 201 ihendutse cyane, byangiza ubushobozi bw'icyuma gikingira mu kubungabunga urwego rwacyo rwo kurinda ahantu hakungahaye kuri chloride. Twabinditse kenshi mu isuzuma ryacu ry'ubuziranenge, niyo mpamvu tudasaba 201 gukoresha insinga iyo ari yo yose yo mu mazi. Kugira ngo urebe neza uburyo dushakisha kandi tugatunganya ibikoresho byacu, turagutumiye gusuraimirongo y'ibikorwaurupapuro.
Uburyo bwo gupima ifiriti y'umunyu ya ASTM B117 bwasobanuwe
ItsindaIkizamini cya ASTM B117 cyo gusukura umunyu(izwi kandi nka salt fog test) ni igipimo cyemewe ku isi cyose cyo gusuzuma uburyo ibikoresho by'icyuma n'ibirahure birwanya ingese. Dukoresha iki kizamini nk'igice cy'amabwiriza yacu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge kuri buri gice cy'umusaruro w'insinga zigenewe ibidukikije byo mu mazi cyangwa inganda. Iki kizamini gikurikije amategeko ya ASTM International kandi kikanasobanurwa n'imiryango irimoNIST, UL, naOSHAmu buryo butandukanye bwo kubahiriza amategeko.
Dore uko dukora gahunda yacu yo gupima umunyu:
- Icyitegererezo cyo gutegura:Dutegura ingero z'imigozi y'insinga zo muri buri rwego (304, 316, 201) uko zimeze uko zikorwa, kugira ngo turebe ko ubuso bugumana neza.
- Imiterere y'icyumba:Dushyiraho icyumba cyo gusukura umunyu dukurikije ibisabwa na ASTM B117: 5% by'umuti wa sodium chloride (NaCl), pH iri hagati ya 6.5 na 7.2, ubushyuhe bw'icyumba buguma kuri dogere selisiyusi 35.
- Gukomeza Kwigaragaza:Ingero zishyirwa mu ifu ikomeza kandi idasibangana yo mu bwoko bwa salt fung spray mu gihe cyose cy'ikizamini.
- Gahunda y'igenzura:Dusuzuma ingero mu gihe gisanzwe: amasaha 24, 72, 168, 336, 500, 720, 1000, 1500, na 2000.
- Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'isuzuma:Twandika uko ubuso bwahindutse bwa mbere, ingese igaragara (gutangira gushibuka), n'ijanisha ry'ubuso bwagize ingaruka kuri buri gice.
- Inyandiko:Buri kizamini gitanga raporo irambuye irimo ibimenyetso by'amafoto n'ibipimo by'isaha ku isaha byangiritse.
Kubera koASTM B117 ni ikizamini cyihuta, ibisubizo ntibisobanura neza ubuzima bw'umuntu ku giti cye. Ariko, bitanga igereranya ry'agaciro hagati y'amanota mu bihe bimwe kandi bigenzurwa. Iyo tubwiye itsinda rishinzwe kugura ibikoresho byo mu mazi ko 316 irusha 201 ku gipimo cya gatanu cyangwa kirenga mu isuzuma ry'umunyu, icyo gipimo kibaho no mu bidukikije byo mu mazi. Turasaba abakiriya bacu ko banareba ibyiciro by'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere muri ISO 9223, bitanga isano y'ibintu bifatika ku bidukikije bitandukanye byo mu mazi.
Ikigo cyacu cyo gupima gifite ibyumba bipima umunyu byapimwe kandi tugenzura buri gihe. Dubika inyandiko zirambuye kandi dushobora gutanga ibyemezo by'ibizamini ku itsinda iryo ari ryo ryose ryaimigozi y'icyuma kitagira umugesedutanga. Uku gukorera mu mucyo ni ikintu tubona ko ari ingenzi kugira ngo twubake icyizere hagati yacu n'abakiriya bacu bo mu mazi n'abo mu mazi.
Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya Spray y'umunyu: Amakuru yacu yo kugereranya 304 vs 316 vs 201
Turasangiza ibisubizo bikurikira bivuye muri gahunda yacu yo gupima umunyu ya ASTM B117 imbere. Iyi mibare igaragaza urwego rusanzwe rw'imikorere tubona kuri buri rwego iyo ikorwa hakoreshejwe uduce twacu tw'icyuma gikonjesha. Ibisubizo bya buri muntu bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'imiterere yihariye y'icyuma mu rwego rw'urwego n'irangira ry'ubuso rikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukora.
| Igipimo | 304 Icyuma Kidafunze | 316 Icyuma Kidafunze | 201 Icyuma Kidafunze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ihinduka ry'ibara rya mbere (amasaha) | 200 – 400 | 400 – 700 | 50 – 120 |
| Ingese/ibihombo bigaragara bwa mbere (amasaha) | 800 – 1.200 | 1,500 – 2,500+ | 150 – 300 |
| 5% by'ingese ku butaka (amasaha) | 1.200 – 1.800 | 2,500 – 4,000+ | 300 – 500 |
| Gutakaza ubuziranenge bw'imiterere y'ikigo (amasaha y'akazi) | 2,000 – 3,000 | 4,000 – 6,000+ | 500 – 800 |
| Igihe cy'akazi ko mu mazi giteganijwe | Imyaka 5 - 10 | Imyaka 15 – 25+ | Imyaka 1 - 3 |
| Igipimo cy'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bihuye | 1.0x (ibanze) | 1.2x – 1.4x | 0.6x – 0.75x |
| Isuzuma ry'uko ubwato bukwiriye | Iringaniye | Byiza cyane | Ntibyemewe |
Kubera koIbi bisubizo bigaragaza neza itandukaniro ry’imikorere hagati y’amanota, buri gihe tugeza aya makuru ku bakiriya bacu bo mu mazi mbere yuko barangiza gutanga ibisobanuro byabo. Ayo makuru avuga inkuru ishimishije:Imigozi 316 y'icyuma kidapfa iramba inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu ugereranyije n'imigozi 304 n'inshuro icumi kugeza kuri makumyabiri ugereranyije n'imigozi 201 mu igerageza ryo gutera umunyu.Ku itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko rigaragaza imiyoboro y'insinga ku rubuga rwo mu nyanja rufite igihe cy'imyaka 20, aya makuru agaragaza ko urwego rwa 316 ari rurerure cyane.
Turashaka kandi kugaragaza ko uburyo bwacu bwo gukonjesha no kurangiza ubuso bigira uruhare mu mikorere yo hejuru y’iyi miterere. Dugenzura ibipimo byacu byo gukonjesha kugira ngo tugabanye inenge zo ku buso zishobora gukoreshwa nk’ahantu ho gutangiza ingese, ibi bikaba ari ibintu bitandukanye.imigozi y'insinga yifunga ubwayo mu mupiraukoresheje ubundi buryo budafite ubuziranenge buhagije ku isoko. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bijyanye n'imikorere yacu y'ubuziranenge, turagutumiye kugira ngo umenye byinshi.kuri twe.
Porogaramu zo mu mazi zo mu isi nyayo kuri buri cyiciro
Guhitamo urwego rwiza rwo gufata insinga biterwa no gusobanukirwa ibidukikije byihariye byo mu mazi aho igifunga kizashyirwa. Dushyira ibidukikije byo mu mazi mu duce dutatu dushingiye ku buremere bwabyo, dukurikije imiterere ikoreshwa n'ibigo mpuzamahanga bipima ibipimo ndetse n'uburambe bwacu mu mishinga amagana y'ibikorwa byo mu mazi.
Agace ka 1: Isura y'ikirere (Ibikorwaremezo by'icyambu, Ibigega, Ibikoresho bitwikiriye)
Mu kirere kiri ku ruhande rw'icyambu, imigozi y'insinga ihura n'umwuka wuzuyemo umunyu ariko ntigera ku mazi yo mu nyanja asunika cyangwa ngo yinjire mu mazi. Dufata aka gace ko mu mazi koroshye cyane.Insinga 304 z'icyuma kidashonga zikora neza muri aka gace, ubusanzwe itanga serivisi hagati y’imyaka 5 na 10 mbere yuko ingese igaragara iba ikibazo. Ku matsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko acunga imishinga minini y’ibikorwa remezo by’icyambu aho ingengo y’imari iba ihagije, 304 itanga uburinganire bufatika mu kiguzi no kuramba. Twatanze imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa 304, ikoreshwa mu gucunga insinga zitwikiriye, ndetse no mu bikoresho byo kubika ibikoresho mu bubiko ku nkombe z’inyanja.
Agace ka 2: Agace ko gutereramo (Ibikoresho byo mu bwato, imiterere y'icyumba cyo kunyuramo, ahantu haterwa n'umuraba)
Ahantu ho gushwanyagurika niho ibidukikije byo mu mazi biba bikomeye cyane. Imigozi y'insinga muri aka gace ihura n'aho amazi yo mu nyanja ahurira, imirasire ikomeye ya UV, ubwikorezi bw'amazi yumye butuma habaho ingese, ndetse n'imbaraga ziterwa n'umuraba n'ingendo z'ubwato.Insinga 316 z'icyuma kidapfa gushonga zikoreshwa gusa mu bice bya splash zone. Ingano ya molybdenum muri 316 itanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda imyobo ikenewe kugira ngo ikomeze kubaho muri ibi bihe. Ikoreshwa risanzwe ririmo gukoresha insinga zo mu bwato, gucunga insinga z’imiterere y’insinga, gufunga platifomu yo mu mazi, no gushyiraho ubufasha bwo kuyobora ubwato.imigozi y'insinga yifunga ubwayo mu mupirabikunzwe cyane mu bikorwa bya splash zone kuko uburyo bwo gufunga bwabyo burwanya gucika intege.
Agace ka 3: Agace ko kwibiramo (Ibikoresho byo munsi y'amazi, Insinga zo munsi y'amazi, Ibigega bya Ballast)
Ku mazi yo mu nyanja ahora yinjizwamo, turagusaba gusaInsinga 316 z'icyuma kitagira umugesehamwe n'ingamba z'inyongera zo kwirinda. Mu gihe cyuzuye amazi, ndetse na 316 amaherezo izangirika, ariko igihe cyayo gipimwa mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo aho kuba imyaka. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha amazi yo munsi y'inyanja, dukunze gutanga inama zacu zoimigozi y'insinga ipfutseho epoxybihuza icyuma kidashonga cya 316 gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese hamwe n'urundi rwego rwo kurinda epoxy kugira ngo birindwe cyane. Ibi bikoreshwa mu guhuza insinga zo munsi y'inyanja, gufata tanki ya ballast, no gushyigikira imiyoboro yo munsi y'amazi.
Kubera koBuri gace k’inyanja gafite imbogamizi zitandukanye zo kwangirika, dukorana n’abakiriya bacu kugira ngo dufate ikarita y’uturere twashyizweho mbere yo gutanga inama ku rwego runaka. Ubu buryo bwo kugisha inama bwadufashije gukorera amakipe ashinzwe amasoko yo mu mazi mu bijyanye no kubaka amato, ingufu zikomoka mu mazi, kubaka ibyambu, no mu nzego z’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi. Twashyize ahagaragara izindi ngero z’ubushakashatsi muri blog yacu, harimo n’isesengura ryainsinga zifungana ku buryo zikoreshwa mu buryo busaba imbaraga nyinshinaikoranabuhanga ryo kwifunga ry'insinga ry'ikinyejana gitaha.
Ibiciro ugereranije n'imikorere y'amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko
Turumva ko icyemezo cyose cyo gutanga amasoko kigizwe no kuringaniza ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki n’ingengo y’imari. Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko yo mu mazi akora munsi y’igitutu gikomeye cy’ikiguzi, kandi igishuko cyo gushyiraho amanota make kugira ngo tugabanye ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho ni ukuri. Ariko, ubunararibonye bwacu bwagaragaje koikiguzi cyose cyo gutungaKu bijyanye n'imigozi y'insinga mu bidukikije byo mu mazi, ntabwo igengwa n'igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura ahubwo igengwa n'ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza, abakozi, n'igihe cyo kuruhuka mu gihe cy'umurimo w'umushinga.
Reka turebere hamwe igereranya ry’ibiciro rifatika dukurikije uko ibintu bisanzwe bitangwa mu buryo bwo mu mazi:
Ishusho: Insinga 10.000 zo gushyiramo urubuga rwo mu nyanja, igishushanyo mbonera kizamara imyaka 20
- Icyiciro cya 201:Igiciro gito cyane cya mbere (~$0.06 kuri buri kimwe = $600 yose hamwe). Ariko, dutekereza ko hari izindi 5 kugeza kuri 7 zisimbura mu myaka 20, buri imwe ikaba isaba urwego rw'ingufu, abakozi, n'ihagarikwa ry'umusaruro. Igiciro rusange cy'imyaka 20 giteganijwe: $15,000 kugeza $25,000+
- Icyiciro cya 304:Igiciro cy'ibanze kiri hagati (~$0.10 kuri buri kimwe = $1.000 yose hamwe). Tugereranya 1 kugeza kuri 2 mu myaka 20. Igiciro cy'imyaka 20 giteganijwe: $5.000 kugeza $10.000
- Icyiciro cya 316:Igiciro cy'ibanze kinini cyane (~$0.13 kuri buri kimwe = $1,300 yose hamwe). Tugereranya ko nta gisimbura kirimo mu myaka 20 mu miterere y'ahantu hatandukanye. Igiciro cy'imyaka 20 giteganijwe: $1,300
Iyi mibare igaragaza ihame duhora dusangira n'abakiriya bacu bo mu mazi:Insinga ihendutse cyane akenshi ni yo ihenze cyane iyo igenzuwe mu gihe cyose cy'umushinga. Kubera koIkiguzi cy'abakozi cyo gusimbuza insinga zo mu mazi kirenze kure itandukaniro ry'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho hagati y'amanota, turasaba ko amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko abara ikiguzi cyose cyashyizweho, atari igiciro cy'igice gusa. Dutanga ubufasha burambuye bwo kwerekana ibiciro nk'igice cy'uburyo bwacu bwo gutanga ibiciro, kandi dushobora gukorana n'itsinda ryanyu ry'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi kugira ngo tunoze ibipimo mu turere dutandukanye tw'umushinga umwe.
Ku mishinga aho ingengo y'imari idashobora gukora, turasaba ko hashyirwaho ingengo y'imari ya 316.uburyo bwo gusobanura ibipimo mu byiciro: koresha 316 mu duce twa 2 na 3 (gusuka no kwibira), na 304 mu duce twa 1 (ikirere). Iyi ngamba ivanze igabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho ku kigero cya 20-30% ugereranije n'ibipimo bya 316 byose mu gihe tugumana imikorere ihagije mu duce twose. Turatanga kandi serivisi zihagije.ibikoresho byo kuboha insingabyagenewe gushyirwaho neza, ibyo bikaba bigabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi mu gihe cyo kuyishyira mu bikorwa bwa mbere.
Gahunda yacu yo gufata ibyemezo ku bijyanye n'amasoko ku nsinga zo mu mazi
Dushingiye ku bunararibonye bwacu bw'imyaka myinshi dukorana n'amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko yo mu mazi ku isi yose, twashyizeho uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo dusaba ku bijyanye n'insinga zo mu mazi cyangwa ubw'ubwubatsi bw'amato. Ubu buryo butuma uhitamo urwego rwiza kuri buri gace gakoreshwa mu gihe ugenzura ikiguzi.
Intambwe ya 1: Shyira mu byiciro agace karimo ingese
Dutangira dushyira ku murongo aho insinga ziboherwa n'agace k'ubushyuhe bwo mu mazi (ikirere, gushonga, cyangwa kwibira) dukoresheje ISO 9223 nk'urugero rwacu. Iri tsinda riyobora ibyemezo byose bikurikira.
Intambwe ya 2: Kumenya igihe gisabwa cyo gukora
Dukorana n'itsinda ryanyu ry'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi kugira ngo tumenye igihe serivisi izamara kuri buri gace. Ese ni imyaka 5, imyaka 10, cyangwa imyaka irenga 20? Ibi bigena niba urwego rwo hasi hamwe n'ibindi bisimbura biteganyijwe byemewe cyangwa niba urwego rwo hejuru ari rwo rusabwa.
Intambwe ya 3: Amakuru yerekeye ikoreshwa ry'imashini ikoresha umunyu
Tugereranya igihe gisabwa cyo gukora ugereranije n'amakuru yacu yo gupima umunyu ya ASTM B117 (agaragara mu mbonerahamwe yo kugereranya iri hejuru) kugira ngo tumenye urwego rwujuje ibisabwa kuri buri gace.
Intambwe ya 4: Kubara Ikiguzi cyose cy'umutungo
Tubarura ikiguzi cy'imyaka 20 cy'umutungo kuri buri cyiciro, harimo kugura bwa mbere, gusimbuza abakozi, ikiguzi cyo gukata/kugera ku gisenge, n'igihe cyo gukora. Iri sesengura risanzwe rigaragaza ko 316 ari yo mahitamo ahendutse cyane ku bice bya splash na immersion.
Intambwe ya 5: Hitamo igishushanyo cy'imigozi y'insinga
Turagufasha guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga gikwiye kuri buri porogaramu:imigozi y'insinga yifunga ubwayo mu mupiraku bidukikije bitigita cyane, uburyo bwo kwifunga busanzwe ku buryo busanzwe, n'uburyo bwo gupfuka kugira ngo uburinzi burusheho kwiyongera. Dutanga kandi uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu.ibikoresho byo kuboha insingakugira ngo hashyirweho ibikoresho by'umwuga.
Kubera koibyemezo byo gutanga amasoko yo mu mazi bigira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire, turashishikariza amakipe gushora igihe muri iri suzumabumenyi risanzwe aho kwirengagiza uburyo buhendutse. Itsinda ryacu rya tekiniki rirahari kugira ngo rikuyobore muri buri ntambwe y'uru rwego no gutanga inama zihariye hashingiwe ku byo umushinga wawe ukeneye. Ushobora gusuzuma urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa byacu byose byaimigozi y'icyuma kitagira umugese or Twandikirekugira ngo umuntu agire inama.
Turasaba kandi ko amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko yasuzuma andi makuru yacu, harimo n'ibyo twanditse kuri blog yacu kuriguhitamo umugozi w'insinga wifunga ubwawenaikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga ry'iki gihe gitaha, kugira ngo usobanukirwe byimbitse ibijyanye n'imiterere y'insinga.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'icyuma kitagira umugese gikwiriye gukoreshwa mu migozi y'insinga zo mu mazi?
Ku bidukikije byinshi byo mu mazi, turakugira inama yoInsinga 316 z'icyuma kitagira umugesekuko zirimo 2-3% bya molybdenum, itanga ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku miyoboro iterwa na chloride na corvice corruption. Mu igerageza ryacu ryo gutera umunyu kuri ASTM B117, imigozi 316 ihora irenga amasaha 1.500 nta ngese igaragara igaragara, bigatuma iba amahitamo asanzwe yo gukoresha mu gukora amato, urubuga rwo mu nyanja, n'ibikorwa remezo by'icyambu. Ariko, ku turere duto cyangwa ahantu hadafite amazi y'umunyu menshi, imigozi 304 y'icyuma kidashonga ishobora gukora neza ku giciro gito. Dugira inama itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko yo mu mazi gusuzuma agace runaka gafite ingese (ikirere, gutobora, cyangwa kwibira) mbere yo guhitamo urwego runaka. Dutanga ubuyobozi burambuye bwo gushyira mu byiciro uturere nk'igice cya serivisi yacu yo gutanga inama za tekiniki, kandi itsinda ryacu rishobora kugufasha kugaragaza urwego rukwiye kuri buri gice cyo gushyiraho ku mushinga wawe.
Insinga 304 zikoreshwa mu gupima umunyu zimara igihe kingana iki?
Mu isuzuma ryacu rya laboratwari dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM B117,Insinga 304 z'icyuma kitagira umugeseubusanzwe bitangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso bya mbere byo guhinduka kw'ibara ry'ubuso mu masaha agera kuri 500 kugeza kuri 800 yo guhumeka umunyu mu buryo buhoraho. Utudomo tw'ingese tugaragara, dukunze kwitwa gutangira imyanda, akenshi tugaragara hagati y'amasaha 800 na 1.200 bitewe n'uko ubuso burangiye ndetse n'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gutunganya nyuma yo gutunganya. Ku matsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko asuzuma imigozi y'insinga ku bidukikije byo mu mazi biri hagati, 304 itanga uburinganire bukwiye hagati y'ikiguzi n'imikorere, ariko buri gihe tubasaba kongeramo igiciro cy'umutekano mu gihe cyo gushyiraho igihe cy'akazi. Imigozi yacu ikora imigozi 304 ifite imigozi ikonje neza irangiza neza, bigatuma iyi dirishya rirwanya ingese rirushaho kuba ryiza. Turanavuga ko ubwiza bw'imigozi y'ubuso bufite ingaruka zifatika ku kurwanya ingese, ari yo mpamvu tugenzura neza ibipimo byacu byo kugenda.
Ese nshobora gukoresha insinga 201 z'icyuma kitagira umugese hafi y'inyanja?
We inama ikomeye yo kwirinda gukoresha insinga 201 z'icyuma kitagira umugesemu bidukikije byose aho usanga hari imyuka ihumanya, imyuka yo mu nyanja, cyangwa amazi y'umunyu ataziguye. Mu igerageza ryacu rya ASTM B117, imigozi y'insinga ya 201 itangira kugaragaza ingese ku buso mu masaha 150 kugeza kuri 300, kandi ingese nyinshi zigatangira kubaho mu masaha 500. Imigozi ya 201 ikoresha manganese na azote nk'ibisimbura nikeli, ibi bigabanya cyane ubudahangarwa bwayo na chloride. Nubwo imigozi ya 201 ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu nganda zo mu nzu cyangwa mu nganda zumye aho kuzigama amafaranga ari ingenzi, izananirwa mbere y'igihe mu bidukikije byo mu mazi kandi igatera ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano no kubungabunga. Ku mishinga yo mu nyanja no mu bwubatsi bw'amato, turasaba nibura 304, aho 316 ari yo isabwa cyane. Twanditse ingero nyinshi aho abakiriya bahinduye kuva kuri 201 bakagera kuri 316 nyuma yo guhura n'ingaruka mbi mu mwaka wa mbere wo gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ikizamini cya ASTM B117 cy'umunyu ni iki kandi kuki ari ingenzi mu guhitamo imigozi y'insinga?
Ikizamini cya ASTM B117 cy’umunyu ni ikizamini cy’ubushyuhe bwihuse cyemewe n’imiryango nka ASTM International,NIST, naSAE InternationalMuri iki kizamini, ingero zishyirwa mu gihu gihoraho cya 5% sodium chloride solution kuri dogere selisiyusi 35 mu cyumba gigenzurwa. Ikizamini gipima amasaha angahe ibikoresho bishobora kurwanya ingese muri ibi bihe bikomeye. Ku matsinda ashinzwe kugura ibikoresho byo mu mazi, ibisubizo bya ASTM B117 bitanga amakuru yizewe kandi angana iyo hasuzumwa ibikoresho byo gufata insinga biturutse ku batanga serivisi zitandukanye. Dukoresha iki kizamini nk'igice cy'uburyo bwacu bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge kuri buri gice cy'insinga zigomba gukoreshwa mu mazi. Nubwo nta kizamini cyihutishwa gikwirakwira neza mu bihe nyabyo, ASTM B117 iha abakiriya bacu igipimo ngenderwaho cyo kugereranya amanota 304, 316, na 201 iruhande. Dukoresha kandi uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro kuvaNACE Mpuzamahangaku makuru ajyanye n'isano mu isi nyayo.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'imigozi y'icyuma kitagira umugese ya 304 na 316?
Itandukaniro ry'igiciro riri hagati y'imigozi y'icyuma kitagira umugese ya 304 na 316 rikunze kuba hagati ya20% kugeza kuri 40%bitewe n'ingano y'ibiciro by'ibikoresho, ingano y'insinga, n'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo bigezweho. 316 grade irimo molybdenum, ikaba ari ikintu gihenze cyane cyo guhuza, kandi iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma habaho igiciro cy'ibiciro. Ku mabwiriza menshi yo kugura ibikoresho byo mu mazi, dukorana n'abakiriya bacu mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo tunoze ibisabwa no gushaka igisubizo gihendutse. Kenshi na kenshi, tubasaba uburyo bwo gukoresha ibyiciro bitandukanye: gukoresha insinga 316 mu bice byangiza cyane (ahantu hanyanyagiye cyane no mu mazi) mu gihe hagenwa 304 mu bice bifite ikirere aho ikirere kidakomeye cyane. Ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukora butuma dushobora gutanga ibyiciro byombi neza, kandi dutanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku biciro mu gihe cyo gutanga ibiciro. Dushishikariza amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko gusaba isesengura ryacu ry'ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga, rigena ibihe byo gusimbuza n'ikiguzi cy'abakozi mu gihe cyose umushinga uzaba umaze.
Nigute nahitamo insinga ikwiye yo gukoresha kuri platform yo hanze y'igihugu?
Guhitamo imigozi y'insinga ku mbuga zo mu nyanja bisaba uburyo buhamye busuzuma agace runaka k'ingufu, ibisabwa ku mutwaro wa mekanike, n'amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda. Turasaba gukurikiza icyiciro cya ISO 9223 cya corrosivity mu kirere kugira ngo tumenye niba aho ishyirwa ari mu cyiciro cya C4 (hejuru) cyangwa C5 (hejuru cyane). Ku mbuga zo mu nyanja, agace k'isuka n'uturere twegereye inyanja hafi ya twose tuba muri C5, bivuze ko dushyiraho imigozi 316 y'icyuma kitagira umugese nk'ibanze. Ku bice biri hejuru bifite umunyu muke, 304 ishobora kuba ihagije. Turasaba kandi gutekereza ku byoimigozi y'insinga yifunga ubwayo mu mupiraku bikorwa byo mu mazi kuko uburyo bwo gufunga butanga ubushobozi bwo kudahungabana cyane ugereranije n'ubwoko busanzwe bw'imigozi. Itsinda ryacu rya tekiniki rifasha amakipe atanga amasoko mu gusuzuma ibipimo byayo kandi rishobora gutanga ibyemezo by'ibizamini kuri buri kintu cyose cyoherejwe. Turatanga kandi serivisi zo gufunga.ibikoresho byo kuboha insingaByakozwe neza kugira ngo bihuzwe n’imiterere y’aho bishyirwa mu mazi, bigamije gutuma bihambira neza kandi byizewe ndetse no mu bihe bigoye.
Ibyerekeye Umwanditsi
Bwana Chen
Umuyobozi wa Tekiniki
Yibanda ku guhitamo ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga, gukoresha ibikoresho bikonjesha, no gutanga ibisubizo ku bikoresho by'inganda. Afite uburambe bwinshi mu gupima ibyuma no kugenzura ubuziranenge, umwanditsi wacu ayoboye itsinda ry'abahanga mu guteza imbere ibisubizo byo gufata imigozi y'insinga mu bidukikije byo mu mazi no mu nganda.
Ukeneye imigozi y'icyuma kitagira umugese (Stainless Steel) ku mushinga wawe wo mu mazi?
Dutanga imigozi y'icyuma gifunganye ya 304, 316, na epoxy hamwe n'icyemezo cy'igerageza ry'umunyu wose. Hamagara itsinda ryacu rya tekiniki kugira ngo ubone isuzuma ryihariye ry'igiciro n'ibipimo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-06-2026
