TL; DR:Guhitamo uburakari bukwiye kuriagace k'icyuma gikonjesha gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo butagira umwandani cyo cyemezo cy’ingenzi cyane mu gukata neza. Iyi nyandiko igereranya 1/4H (igice cy’ubukonje), 1/2H (igice cy’ubukonje), na Full Hard (FH) mu bipimo bitanu bigamije gukoreshwa - ubushobozi bwo gushushanya, gusimbuka, ubwiza bw’inkombe, igihe cyo kunanirwa, n’igiciro - hakoreshejwe amakuru yo gukurura, ibisubizo by’ibizamini byo kugonga bivuye mu ruganda rwacu rwo muri Ningbo Stainless Steel, hamwe n’ibitekerezo by’abacuruza ibicamuco mu nganda zikora imodoka, izihuza, n’izikora ibicamuco.

Impamvu Ubukana bw'Umuvuduko ari cyo gipimo cya mbere cy'imiterere y'umurongo w'ubuziranenge

Mu myaka 15 maze nkora ikoranabuhanga muri Ningbo Stainless Steel Co., Ltd., ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu buziranenge si icy’imiterere y’ibipimo — ahubwo ni icy’ubukomere. Nk’umucuruzi w’ibicuruzwa byaibikoresho by'icyuma gikonjesha gikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese, Nsubiramo ibibazo bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'umuriro buri cyumweru. Iduka ricuruza ibikoresho ritumiza "304 stainless steel strip" ariko ntirigaragaza ubushyuhe. Uruganda rwohereza ibikoresho byoroshye. Imashini zishyiraho ibikoresho zitanga uduce duto. Guhindura ibikoresho bitera guhindagurika kw'ibikoresho bidashoboka. Ibice byangiritse QC. Ikosa rigera ku mucuruzi w'ibikoresho, ariko impamvu nyamukuru ni uko ibikoresho bibura ibisobanuro by'ubushyuhe mu nyandiko y'isoko.

Agace k'icyuma kitagira umugozi gakonje kaboneka mu byiciro by'ubushyuhe bigenwa n'amahame ya ASTM A240 na JIS G4305, hamwe n'ubukomere buri hagati ya annealed yoroshye (ubusanzwe 80–90 HRB cyangwa 150–180 HV) kugeza ku bukomere bwuzuye (ubusanzwe 30–38 HRC cyangwa 350–400 HV). Ubushyuhe bugerwaho binyuze mu kugenzura ijanisha ryo kugabanya ubushyuhe n'ingendo ya nyuma yo gukamura. Ku bijyanye no gushyiramo neza, ubushyuhe butatu bukunze kugaragazwa ni 1/4H, 1/2H, na Full Hard (FH). Buri kimwe gifite umwanya wihariye ku buryo bwo gushushanya-ugereranije n'imbaraga, kandi guhitamo ikintu kitari cyo bisaba amafaranga mu bice byanze, ubusaza bw'ibikoresho, cyangwa igiciro kinini cy'ibikoresho.

Iyi mfashanyigisho igaragaza uburyo bwo guhitamo nkoresha iyo ngira inama abashinzwe gutanga amasoko. Ishingiye ku ngero eshanu zigaragaza neza umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa.

Igereranya ry'Ubukomere n'Imiterere ya Mekanike

Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza imiterere isanzwe ya mekanike ku gice cy'icyuma kitagira umugese cya 304 kuri buri bushyuhe, hashingiwe ku gaciro ntarengwa ka ASTM A240 n'ibizamini byo gukurura mu nzu bivuye ku mishinga yacu yo gukora:

Itandukaniro ry'ibanze rigaragara mu nkingi eshatu: uko ubukana bwiyongera, imbaraga zo gukurura no gutanga umusaruro ziyongera, ariko uburebure - bityo no kuba imiterere - bugabanuka cyane. Guhitamo ubushyuhe bukwiye bivuze gushaka aho ibisabwa mu miterere y'igice byuzuzwa hatabayeho kwishyura imbaraga zidakenewe cyangwa kuba ufite ubushobozi buke bwo kuba imiterere idahagije.ibicuruzwa by'icyuma kidasesagura bigaragaragaragaza imiterere yose y'ubukana bw'ibinyabiziga bivuye kuri annealed binyuze kuri FH, kandi nkunda kugira inama abaguzi kugerageza icyitegererezo cya coil ku murongo wabo wo gukora mbere yo kwiyemeza gukoresha ingano y'ibinyabiziga byinshi.

Ingano ya 1 yo Gukoresha: Uburyo bwo Gushushanya, Kugonda no Gushyiramo Ishusho mu Burebure

Igisabwa cyo gushushanya ni cyo gipimo kibangamiye cyane mu guhitamo ubushyuhe. Iyo igikorwa cyo gushushanya gisaba gushushanya byimbitse (igipimo cyo gushushanya > 1.8), gukora ibintu byinshi mu buryo bugoye, cyangwa umurambararo muto ugonga munsi ya 1.5 × ubugari bw'ibikoresho, guhitamo ubushyuhe bihatirwa kugera ku mpera yo hasi y'igipimo cy'ubukomere.

1/4H — Ikunda gukoreshwa mu buryo buringaniye.Ifite uburebure bwa 25–40% kandi ikaba ishobora kunama kuri 180° idacitse (0t bend radius), 1/4H ni yo mahitamo asanzwe ku bice byashyizweho kashe bihuza gukora n'ibisabwa imbaraga. Imikoreshereze isanzwe irimo: ibice by'imodoka bifite ibyiciro byinshi byo kunama, ibipande by'amashanyarazi bifite impande zifatanye, n'ibice byo kugabanya ibikoresho bisaba isura nziza nyuma yo gukora.

1/2H — Ikwiriye gukorwa mu buryo buto kandi bufite imbaraga nyinshi.Uburebure bwa 10–20% butuma habaho kuzunguruka kwa 90° kuri radius ya 1t no gukora flange iri hagati. Ingufu nyinshi zituma igice cyakozwe gikomeza imiterere yacyo neza nyuma yo gusohoka mu cyuma. Ikoreshwa risanzwe: uduce tw'impeshyi, imiyoboro y'itumanaho ku bihuza, n'imirongo y'itumanaho rya bateri aho kuzunguruka kuri hagati bikurikirwa n'imikorere ya elastic.

Byuzuye bikomeye — Ntibishoboka; bikoreshwa mu bikorwa byo gukubita no gukubita.Iyo uburebure buri munsi ya 6%, ibikoresho bya FH ntibishobora kunama cyangwa gukururwa bitamenetse. Byagenwe ku bice bikorwa hakoreshejwe gukubita, gusiba, cyangwa gukata gusa - nta ntambwe yo kurema. Ingero: ibyuma bidafite icyuma, ibyuma bisugutika, shim stock, n'ibintu by'impeshyi bikozwe hakoreshejwe gukata bivuye ku murongo ugororotse nta gusimbuka nyuma.

Mu rwego rwo kugura, niba igishushanyo cy'ibice byawe kirimo umurambararo w'ubugari buri munsi ya 3t, Full Hard ntabwo ari amahitamo. Niba kirimo ubugari buri kuri 1.5t cyangwa munsi yayo, 1/4H ni amahitamo yizewe. Gusa iyo ubugari buri kuri 2t cyangwa hejuru yayo kandi igice gisaba gukomera kw'umutwaro ugomba gusuzuma 1/2H. Abatanga ibikoresho nk'abainganda zihariye zikora ibikoresho byo gutunganya nezabatanga uburyo bumwe bwo guhitamo ubushyuhe mu nyandiko zabo za tekiniki, bemeza ko 1/4H ari yo nzira isabwa cyane yo gutangiriraho ku bagura ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ku nshuro ya mbere.

Ingano ya 2 yo Gukoresha: Inyungu zo mu gihe cy'izuba n'Uburimbane bw'Ibipimo

Springback ni uburyo ibikoresho bisubizwamo neza nyuma yo kurekurwa kw'umutwaro wo gukanda. Ubukonje bwinshi bufite imbaraga nyinshi zo gutanga umusaruro, bivuze ko springback nyinshi - kandi hakenewe indishyi nyinshi mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'icyuma.

Itsinda ryacu ry’abakora ryakoze ikizamini cyo gupima ubushyuhe bw’imashini hakoreshejwe umugozi wa 304 ufite ubugari bwa 0.5 mm ku bushyuhe butatu, rigoramye ku nguni ya 90° mu gikoresho cya V gifite umuvuduko wa 2 mm:

Kugira ngo hakorwe neza aho ubushobozi bwo gupima buri ± 0.1 mm hejuru y'ikintu cyakozwe, 1/4H y'ibikoresho ishobora kugera ku ntego nta bikorwa bya kabiri. 1/2H isaba indishyi yo kugorama mu cyuma cyangwa intambwe yo gushushanya iri hasi y'icyuma.Ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki bwo kugura icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kidashongainama yo kugenzura imyitwarire ya springback ku bikoresho nyabyo byo gukora mbere yo kurangiza ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, kuko geometry ya die na lubrication byombi bigira ingaruka ku bunini bwa springback hatitawe ku bukomere bw'ibikoresho. Full Hard ntabwo ikoreshwa ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyagonze mu gukata neza - springback ni nini cyane kandi irahinduka cyane ku buryo idahinduka kugira ngo igenzurwe neza.

Ndagira inama abahanga mu by’amasoko kumenyesha umuhanga mu by’ingufu mbere yo kurangiza ibijyanye n’ingufu. Niba ingufu yamaze kubakwa ku bw’ingufu runaka kandi ukagerageza gusimbuza ibikoresho bikomeye, ibice bizahora binanirwa kugenzura bitewe n’ingufu.

Ingano ya 3 yo gukoresha: Ubwiza bw'inkombe nyuma yo gukubita no gupfuka

Ubwiza bw'inkombe zo gukata bukorwa no gukata - cyane cyane igipimo cy'ahantu ho gukata neza n'aho hacitse ku nkombe yakubiswe - kigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bukomere bw'ibikoresho. Ibisubizo byacu ku isuzuma ryacu ku gice cya 1.0 mm 304 ku bushyuhe butandukanye bigaragaza imiterere isobanutse:

• 1/4 cy'isaha:Agace ko gukata neza = 55–60% by'ubugari bw'ibikoresho. Ibikoresho byoroshye birahinduka cyane mbere yo kuvunika, bigatuma agace kanini kaba kameze nk'agashyushye kandi kakagira umugozi muto. Ariko, imigozi yo mu mpande igaragara cyane bitewe n'uburyo ibikoresho bikoresha.
• 1/2 Isaha:Agace ko gukata neza = 45–50%. Ubukana bwinshi bugabanya agace ko gukata neza kwa pulasitiki, bigatuma ubuso bwo gucikamo burushaho kuba bwiza ariko ku ruhande rw'imbere hakajyaho icyuma gishyushye. Ubusanzwe uburebure bwa Burr ni 0.02–0.05 mm ku gice gishyushye.
• Byuzuye bikomeye:Agace ko gukata neza = 30–40%. Ibikoresho byavunitse mbere mu gukubita, bigatuma impande nyinshi zivunitse kandi zifite agace gato kashyushye. Uburebure bwa Burr ni bwo bwo hasi (0.01–0.03 mm) ariko imiterere y'inkombe nayo ni yo irusha izindi.

Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa aho ubwiza bw'inkombe ari ingenzi mu bijyanye no kwisiga — nk'udupira tugaragara cyangwa udupapuro tw'imitako — 1/4H cyangwa 1/2H bitanga ishusho nziza y'ubuso. Ku bice bikora aho imiterere y'inyuma ari ingenzi cyane, kandi imiterere y'inkombe ikaba ari iya kabiri, imiterere ikomeye ituma gukata neza no gusiga irangi birushaho kuba byiza.

Ingano ya 4: Igihe cy'umunaniro ku bice bifite imirasire igenda ihinduka

Ibice byashyizweho ikimenyetso bihora biremerwa — amasoko, udupira, intoki, n'ibice byo gufunga — bisaba kwitabwaho cyane mu guhitamo ubushyuhe. Isuzuma ryacu ry'umunaniro mu nzu (ASTM E466, R = 0.1, 10 Hz) ku bipimo 304 by'umuraba wa cantilever byagaragaje imiterere yihariye y'umunaniro:

• 1/4 cy'isaha:Umunaniro ntarengwa ku nshuro ya 10⁷ = 220 MPa. Uruvange rw'ubushobozi bwo gupfuka no gukomera biringaniye bitanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo gutangira gupfuka. Ariko, ibikoresho byoroshye byoroshye kwangirika ku buso mu gihe cyo kubikoresha, bishobora gutera imivurungano y'umunaniro.
• 1/2 Isaha:Umunaniro ntarengwa ku nshuro ya 10⁷ = 290 MPa. Igipimo cyo hejuru cy'imbaraga hagati y'uburemere n'uburemere gituma 1/2H iba amahitamo meza muri rusange ku bice bifite umunaniro mwinshi. Umunaniro ntarengwa ni hafi 38% by'imbaraga zo gukurura, bihuye n'imyitwarire isanzwe y'umunaniro w'icyuma kitagira umugozi.
• Byuzuye bikomeye:Umunaniro ntarengwa ku nshuro ya 10⁷ = 200 MPa (ubuso bwiganjemo ubucucike). Nubwo ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, ibikoresho bya FH bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kudacika intege kuko inenge zo ku buso - harimo n'inkombe yo gukata - bikora nk'ahantu ho gutangira ubucucike. Ubukomere bwo kuvunika nabwo buragabanuka kuri uru rwego rwo gukomera.

Isomo rifatika: ku bisyo n'udupira tw'imashini (ibihumbi by'imashini), 1/2H itanga umusaruro mwiza w'umunaniro. Ku bice by'ingenzi ku mutekano kandi binyura mu mizunguko ya za miriyoni, tekereza niba igice gishobora gushushanya gifite imbaraga za 1/4H n'igice kinini, kuko inyungu y'umunaniro wo gukomera cyane iva mu mbaraga zo gukurura igabanuka iyo umuntu ananiwe kwihanganira inenge.

Ingano ya 5 y'ikoreshwa: Ikiguzi n'imikorere y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa

Itandukaniro ry'ibiciro hagati y'ubushyuhe ntabwo riri ahanini mu bikoresho ubwabyo - igiciro cy'icyuma cy'ibanze ni kimwe ku rwego runaka. Itandukaniro ry'ibiciro rituruka ku musaruro w'umusaruro n'uko ibikoresho biboneka:

• 1/4Hni cyo gipimo cy’ubushyuhe gikunze kuboneka mu bigo bicuruza ibikoresho bitagira umugese. Igihe cyo gusohora ibikoresho mu bubiko bwacu gisanzwe ni iminsi 1-3 y’akazi. Kubera ko 1/4H ari inzira yo kugabanya ubushyuhe, umusaruro w’ibikoresho byo gusimbuza urimo kwiyongera, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora kuri toni kiri hasi ho 5-8% ugereranyije na FH.
• 1/2 Saaifite imigabane ingana na 1/4H mu masoko akomeye. Igiciro cy'ubwishingizi ni gito cyane — ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 2–3% na 1/4H bitewe n'ibisabwa mu kugenzura ibikorwa cyane.
• Byuzuye bikomeye (FH)bisaba gahunda yitondewe yo gukora imashini zisya kuko kugabanya ubukonje bwinshi (50%+) bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo kuzizunguruka kandi bigasaba ko zijya zinyuzwa kenshi kugira ngo zoroshye hagati. Igihe cyo kuzizunguza ubusanzwe ni iminsi 10-15 y'akazi keretse iyo zibitswe. Igiciro cy'igiciro ni 10-15% hejuru ya 1/4H kugira ngo habeho irangi ringana.

Ku baguzi ba mbere basuzuma ibikoresho byo gusiga neza, ndabasaba gutangira kuri 1/2H nk'ishingiro hanyuma mukimukira kuri 1/4H gusa iyo igikorwa cyo gushushanya gisaba ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika, cyangwa kuri FH gusa iyo igice ari igice gifunze gisaba ubukana ntarengwa. Ibi bigabanya ibyago byo gutanga ibikoresho kandi bigatuma ibiciro by'ibikoresho biguma hagati neza n'aho bishyushye.

Urugero rw'ibisobanuro bifatika: Uburyo bwo kwandika interuro y'umujinya muri RFQ yawe

Kugira ngo urebe neza ko umutanga serivisi aguha ubwiza busabwa, shyiramo ibi bikurikira mu nyandiko yawe yo gutanga ibicuruzwa:

Ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho:304 Icyuma Gitarangwamo Ifu, Gikonje Cyazinzwe
Ibisanzwe:ASTM A240 / A240M
Ubushyuhe:1/2H (Igice cy'Uburemere), kuri ASTM A240 Imbonerahamwe ya 2
Ingano y'Ubukomere:96–104 HRB cyangwa bingana nabyo 210–260 HV
Ingufu zo Gukurura:620–780 MPa (yemejwe hakurikijwe ASTM A370)
Ubunini:0.80 mm ± 0.03 mm
Ubugari:200 mm ± 0.5 mm (inkombe y'umucanga)
Imiterere y'inkombe:Umucanga, wakuweho ubushyuhe, umucanga ntarengwa ufite 0.03 mm
Kurangiza ubuso:2B (irangira ry'urusyo, impande zombi)
Icyemezo:MTR kuri EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1, harimo ubukana n'agaciro k'uburemere
Isuzuma:Igenzura ry'ubukomere kuri buri coil — Ingero 3 kuri buri coil, impuzandengo ya raporo n'urwego

Ndakugira inama yo gushyira ibi bisobanuro kuri buri RFQ, ndetse no ku mabwiriza asubirwamo. Ikiguzi cyo kongeramo imirongo itatu y'inyongera ku mabwiriza yo kugura ni zeru. Ikiguzi cyo kwakira ihinduka ritari ryo — gufunga umurongo, guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho, kugarura ibikoresho — bikunze kurenga agaciro k'ibikoresho ubwabyo.

Isuzuma ry'ibyemezo: Guhitamo umujinya ukwiye ku busabe bwawe

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo hagati ya 1/4H, 1/2H, n'icyuma gikonjesha gikozwe mu buryo burambuye cyo gusiga stamping neza ni icyemezo cy'ubuhanga mu buryo bwinshi kidashobora kugabanywaho ngo "igikomeye ni cyiza" cyangwa "cyoroshye ni cyiza." Mu gusuzuma ikoreshwa mu ngero eshanu - ubushobozi bwo gukora, kugenzura ihindagurika ry'ingufu, ubwiza bw'inkombe, imikorere y'umunaniro, n'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho - amakipe atanga amasoko ashobora kugaragaza neza imiterere ikwiye.Ibyuma Bitaje muri Ningbo, dutanga uburyo bwo gukurikirana ikirere cyose, raporo z'ibizamini by'uruganda, no kugenzura ubukana bwabyo mbere yo kohereza kuri buriagace k'icyuma gikonjesha gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo butagira umwandagutumiza, kuva ku giciro cya toni 1 kugeza ku giciro cya toni 100. Ndagusaba gushyiramo ibipimo by'ubushyuhe muri RFQ yawe no gusaba icyemezo cy'ubukomere kirerekeza kuri ASTM A240 cyangwa JIS G4305 - ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwemeza ko ibikoresho bitangwa bihuye n'ibyo byatanzwe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 1/4H, 1/2H, n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa Full Hard Stainless Steel strip?

Ibi ni ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bigenwa n'ijanisha ry'igabanuka ry'ubukonje mu gihe cyo kuzunguruka. 1/4H (~11% kugabanya) itanga ubushobozi bwo gukora neza hamwe na HRB 88–96. 1/2H (~21% kugabanya) ipima imbaraga n'imiterere iri hagati ya HRB 96–104. Ifite imbaraga nyinshi (~50% kugabanya) itanga ubukana ntarengwa kuri HRC 30–38 ariko ntishobora gukorwa - ikoreshwa gusa ku bice bidafite ikintu.

Ese umurongo w'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikonjesha ushobora kunama?

Ibikoresho byuzuye bifite uburebure buri munsi ya 6%, bivuze ko bizacika ku ntera iyo ari yo yose igoramye munsi y’ubunini bw’ibikoresho inshuro 3-5. Ku bice bikenera gukanda neza bisaba gukanda, 1/4H cyangwa 1/2H ni amahitamo akwiye. Byuzuye bigomba kugenwa gusa ku bikorwa byo gukanda cyangwa gukubita.

Ni ubuhe buryohe bwiza bwo gukoresha udupapuro tw'impeshyi dukozwe mu kashe n'udupira two gukubitaho?

1/2H (igice cy’ubukonje) itanga uruvange rwiza rw’imbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro, imiterere y’impeshyi, n’igihe cyo kunanirwa gukoreshwa mu mpeshyi. Isuzuma ryacu ryerekana ko 1/2H ifite umupaka w’umunaniro wa MPa ungana na 290 kuri 10⁷ cycles - ubushyuhe bwinshi mu bice bitatu byuzuyemo ibirango.

Ni gute nagenzura ubushyuhe bw'icyuma cyangiritse cyakiriwe?

Koresha ikizamini cyo gupima ubukana bwa Rockwell (igipimo cya HRB kuri 1/4H na 1/2H, igipimo cya HRC kuri FH) ku buso busukuye kandi burambuye bw'umurongo. Ubundi buryo, ikizamini cya Vickers cy'ubukana bwa micro ku gice gitanga ingero zikwiye. Saba icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'uruganda kigaragaza imiterere y'ubukana - ASTM A240 isaba umutanga gutanga raporo y'ubukana kuri buri bukana.

Ese ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku burwanyi bw'icyuma kidashonga cya 304?

Oya — imiterere y’imiti (18% Cr, 8% Ni) ntihinduka bitewe n’ubushyuhe. Ariko, imiterere y’ubuso ishobora gutandukana: ubushyuhe bukomeye bushobora kugira ubuso budafite imbaraga zo kuzunguruka, ariko ubushyuhe buterwa no kwangirika burimo burangana ku bushyuhe ku buso runaka (2B, No. 4, cyangwa BA).

Ni ingano ntoya zisabwa gutumiza ku gice cy'imashini gikozwe mu buryo bwihariye?

Ku bushyuhe bwa 1/4H na 1/2H mu bugari busanzwe (50–600 mm), MOQ ubusanzwe iba ari toni 1 kuri buri bunini. Kuri Full Hard, MOQ ishobora kuba iri hejuru (toni 3–5) bitewe n'ibisabwa mu gihe cy'inganda. Abacuruza benshi babika ubushyuhe busanzwe kandi bashobora gutanga ingano nto hamwe n'ihinduka ry'igiciro kuri kilo.

Byanditswe na Bwana Chen — Umuyobozi wa Tekiniki muri Ningbo Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. Yibanda ku guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibyuma bitagira umugese, gukoresha ibikoresho bikonjesha, no gutanga ibikoresho mu nganda. Huza:Instagram | Facebook