Urutonde rw'igenzura rya MTC ku bakora imiyoboro y'umuvuduko bashakisha icyuma cya duplex 2205.

Igenzura rya MTC rikiza ubuzima bw'abantu

Gusobanukirwa imiterere n'imiterere y'icyuma gikozwe muri Duplex 2205 Stainless Steel

Ibyuma bita Duplex 2205 by'icyuma kitagira umugese, byitiriwe UNS S31803/S32205, ni ibikoresho bibiriibumbabihuza imiterere myiza ya byombiausteniticnaicyuma kitagira umugese cya ferriticimiterere mito. Ubusanzwe igizwe n'ibice bigera kuri 22%chromium, 5%nikeli, 3% molybdenum, na azote 0.17%. Iyi shimi iringaniye neza ikora imiterere mito igizwe n'ibipimo bingana bya austenite na ferrite, akenshi igumana 35% kugeza 65% bya ferrite. Imiterere y'ibice bibiri itanga hafi inshuro ebyiri z'umusaruro usanzwe wa austenite mu gihe itanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe kuriingesecyane cyaneingese yo kwangirikano kwangirika kw'ingufu mu bidukikije bifite chloride.

Kuriumuyoboro w'igitutuAbakora, gusobanukirwa iyi miterere ni ingenzi cyane kuko buri kintu cyose gikora ku ntego runaka y’ubuhanga. Chromium itanga firime ya okiside idakora irwanya ingese. Nikeli ikomeza icyiciro cya austenite kandi igafasha gukomera. Molybdenum yongera ubudahangarwa bw’imiyoboro, ipimwa na Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN), ibarwa nka PREN ingana na %Cr hamwe na 3.3 inshuro %Mo hamwe na 16 inshuro %N. Kuri duplex 2205, PREN igomba kuba hagati ya 34 na 35, irenga cyane PREN isanzwe ya 23 na 28 kuriicyuma kitagira umugese cya austeniticamanota nka 316L. DukurikijeInganda zidasanzwe z'ibyuma muri Amerika ya Ruguru, uku kudakomera cyane mu gufunga imyobo bituma duplex 2205 iba ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane mu nganda zikomeye aho amanota asanzwe yananirwa imburagihe.

Imiterere ya mekanike ya duplex 2205 irushaho kuyitandukanya n'iy'icyiciro kimweicyuma kitagira umwandaamanota. Ingufu nke z'umusaruro wa 450 MPa (65 ksi) n'imbaraga nke z'umuvuduko wa 620 MPa (90 ksi) zemerera injeniyeri gushushanya imiyoboro y'umwuka yoroshye ku rukuta, bigabanye ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho n'uburemere bw'umusaruro bitabangamiye umutekano. Kurekura nibura 25% bituma habaho ubushobozi buhagije bwo gukora,gusudira, n'ibikorwa byo gupima umuvuduko. Iyi miterere yagaragajwe muri ASTM A240 na ASME SA-240, amahame agenga ibikoresho bya plaque y'umuvuduko muriicyumainganda ku isi yose.

Impamvu kwemeza icyemezo cy'ikizamini cy'inganda ari ingenzi ku mashini zikoresha ingufu

Icyemezo cy'ibizamini by'uruganda (MTC), kizwi kandi nka raporo y'ibizamini by'uruganda (MTR) cyangwa raporo y'ibizamini by'ibikoresho, ni inyandiko yemeza ubuziranenge bw'itsinda runaka ryaicyuma kitagira umwandayubahirije amabwiriza yagenwe. Ku bakora imiyoboro y'umuvuduko, MTC ni ikintu kirenze kure urwego rw'ubuyobozi. Ni ikimenyetso cy'ibanze cy'uko ibikoresho bitangwa bizakora neza mu gihe hari igitutu, ubushyuhe, n'ibintu byangiza imiyoboro y'umuvuduko bihura na byo mu gihe cy'akazi. Igice cya II cy'amategeko agenga ubwikorezi bw'amashanyarazi n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (BPVC) gitegeka ko ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'umuvuduko ifite ikimenyetso cya kode bigomba kuba byanditswe neza hamwe n'ibyemezo by'ibizamini bishobora gukurikizwa. Iyo MTC yemejwe, umuyoboro w'umuvuduko ntushobora kwakira kashe yawo ya ASME, kandi uwakoze iyo miyoboro ashobora kugira uruhare mu kutubahiriza amategeko.

Ingaruka zo kwakira MTC zitaragenzuwe cyangwa z’uburiganya zishobora kuba mbi cyane. Mu nganda zitunganya imiti, ubwato bukoresha igitutu bukozwe mu bikoresho bitujuje ibisabwa bya duplex 2205 bushobora kwangirika bitewe n’ihungabana rya chloride mu mezi make nyuma yo gutangira gukora. Mu ikoreshwa rya peteroli na gaze, cyane cyane ahantu hakorerwa imirimo irimo hydrogen sulfide, ibikoresho bitubahiriza amategeko.NACE MR0175Ibisabwa mu bukonje bishobora kwangiza stress ya sulfide, bigatera kwangirika gukabije, kwanduza ibidukikije, no gutakaza ubuzima. Ibi si ingaruka z’ibitekerezo. Inama y’Igihugu ishinzwe kugenzura ibyuma bishyushya n’ibikoresho bishyushya ihora itanga raporo ku byabaye nyuma yo gutsindwa kw’impamyabushobozi z’ibikoresho, bigashimangira akamaro ko kugenzura neza MTC kuri buri bushyuhe bw’ibikoresho byinjira mu iduka ry’ibikoresho.

Gushaka isoko mpuzamahanga byongera izi mbogamizi zo kugenzura. Iyo abakora ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko baguze duplex 2205 mu nganda zo mu mahanga, cyane cyane ku masoko afite amahame atandukanye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, ibyago byo kwakira ibikoresho bifite inyandiko zidahagije cyangwa zitari zo byiyongera. Inzitizi z'ururimi, imiterere itazwi yo kwemeza, n'intera uvuye ku nganda zikora byose bigira uruhare mu kugorwa no kugenzura. Iyi ni yo mpamvu gushinga umubano n'abatanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo busobanutse kandi bwibanda ku buziranenge ari ngombwa. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bemewe nkaWow StainlessUrabyumva ko gutanga ibyemezo byuzuye kandi byemejwe by’ibizamini by’inganda atari imikorere myiza y’ubucuruzi gusa, ahubwo ni n’ingenzi kugira ngo uruganda rukora ibikoresho bitanga umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi rukore neza.duplex 2205 ku bahanga mu nganda zitunganya imiti muri Amerika ya Rugurubigaragaza urwego rw'ubuhanga bwo kwemeza ibicuruzwa abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagomba kwitega.

Kugenzura imiterere y'imiti: Icyo ugomba kugenzura kuri buri MTC

Igice cy’imiterere y’imiti mu cyemezo cy’igerageza ry’uruganda ni cyo kibanza cya mbere kandi cy’ingenzi cyo kugenzura igenzura rya duplex 2205. Buri MTC igomba gutanga raporo y’isesengura ry’ubushyuhe n’agaciro k’isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa ku bintu by’ingenzi bivanze. Isesengura ry’ubushyuhe rigaragaza imiterere ifatwa mu bipimo byafashwe mu gihe cyo gushonga cyangwa gucukura by’ibanze, mu gihe isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa (ryitwa kandi isesengura ry’igenzura) rikorwa ku bipimo byafashwe ku isahani, urupapuro, cyangwa umuyoboro byarangiye. Kuri duplex 2205, imiterere y’imiti kuri ASTM A240 igomba kuba iri mu byiciro byihariye: chromium 22.0-23.0%, nikeli 4.5-6.5%, molybdenum 3.0-3.5%, azote 0.14-0.20%, karuboni ntarengwa 0.030%, manganese ntarengwa 2.0%, silikoni ntarengwa 1.0%, fosifore ntarengwa 0.030%, na sulfur ntarengwa 0.020%. Kwihanganira isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa byemerera intera nini gato kuruta isesengura ry’ubushyuhe, ariko itandukaniro rikomeye rigaragaza ibibazo bishobora kubaho mu bikoresho.

Mu gihe usuzuma imiterere y'imiti, witondere cyane agaciro ka chromium na molybdenum, kuko ibi bintu bigena neza PREN no kudakira kw'ibintu. Iyo chromium iri munsi ya 21.5% cyangwa molybdenum ikamanuka munsi ya 2.5% mu isesengura ry'umusaruro, ibikoresho bishobora kudatanga ubudakira bw'imyobo buteganijwe mu bidukikije bya chloride. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ingano ya azote iri munsi ya 0.14% ishobora kugabanya cyane imbaraga no kudakira kw'ibintu. Ingano ya karuboni igomba kuba iri munsi ya 0.030% ntarengwa, akenshi hafi 0.020% cyangwa munsi yayo, kuko karuboni nyinshi ituma karuboni igwa ku mbibi z'ibinyampeke mu gihegusudira, bigatera intege agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe. Hindura aya gaciro ugereranije n'ibisabwa muriAmahame ngenderwaho ya ISOn'ibisobanuro byihariye by'ibikoresho bivugwa ku itegeko ryo kugura kugira ngo harebwe ko byubahirizwa byuzuye.

Injeniyeri w’inararibonye mu by’ubuhanga azareba kandi uburyo ibintu byavuzwe bihuye n’imiterere yabyo. Niba imiterere yabyo igaragaza ko hari nikeli nkeya ariko ibizamini byabyo bikagaragaza ko hari ferrite nyinshi cyane, ibi bigaragaza ko ibikoresho bishobora kuba byarashongeshejwe nabi cyangwa ko hari shimi yahinduwe nyuma yo gusesengura ubushyuhe bwa mbere. Ubudasa ubwo aribwo bwose hagati ya shimi n’ibyavuye mu mashini bisaba iperereza ryimbitse, harimo no gupima ingero z’abatangabuhamya mu buryo bwigenga mbere yuko ibikoresho byinjira mu miyoboro y’umuvuduko.

Imiterere ya mekanike n'ibisabwa ku gukomera kwabyo kugira ngo ukoreshe ubwato bukoresha umuvuduko

Igice cy’imiterere y’imashini cy’icyemezo cy’igerageza rya duplex 2205 kigomba kugaragaza ko ibikoresho byujuje cyangwa birengeje ibisabwa byibuze byavuzwe muri ASTM A240 na ASME SA-240. Ku gice cy’icyuma kidashonga cya duplex 2205, ibi ntarengwa ni: 0.2% by’imbaraga zo gukurura za 450 MPa (65 ksi), imbaraga zo gukurura za 620 MPa (90 ksi), no kurekura muri mm 50 za 25%. Ibi biranga ingaruka zo gukomera kw’imiterere y’imashini n’iyongera rya azote. Abakora ibikoresho by’umuvuduko bagomba kugaragaza MTC iyo ari yo yose aho agaciro kavuzwe kari munsi ya 5% by’ingano ntarengwa y’ibipimo, kuko ibi bishobora kwerekana ko ibikoresho biri hafi y’umupaka w’ubwiza bwemewe kandi bishobora kwitwara mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo gukora nogusudiraibikorwa.

Gupima ubukomere ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura. Ku bikoresho bisanzwe bya duplex 2205, ubukomere ntarengwa ntibugomba kurenza 31 HRC (310 HBW cyangwa 332 HV). Ariko, ku bikoresho bya sour service bigengwa naNACE MR0175/ISO 15156, ubukana ntarengwa bugarukira kuri 28 HRC (285 HBW). MTC igomba kugaragaza neza uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bwakoreshejwe (Rockwell, Brinell, cyangwa Vickers) n'aho igeragezwa riherereye. Ku bikoresho bya plate, ubukana busanzwe bupimirwa hagati mu bunini. Iyo MTC itanze agaciro k'ubukana idasobanuye uburyo bwo gupima, aho igeragezwa riherereye, cyangwa igipimo, iki ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyagombye gutuma ibikoresho byangwa cyangwa kongera kugeragezwa mbere yuko ikorwa ry'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko ritangira.

Isuzuma ry’ingaruka za Charpy V-notch ritanga amakuru y’ingenzi yerekeye gukomera kw’ibikoresho, cyane cyane ku bushyuhe buri hasi. Nubwo duplex 2205 muri rusange igaragaza gukomera cyane kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 50, MTC igomba kuba irimo ibisubizo by’isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwagenwe n’amategeko agenga imiterere y’umuyoboro w’igitutu. Ibisobanuro bisanzwe bisaba agaciro k’ingufu za 27 J (20 ft-lbf) ku ngero zinyuranamo. Ku ngero z’igitutu zikora mu turere dukonje cyangwa zikora amazi ashyushye, isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bushyuhe buke bw’igishushanyo ni ngombwa. Genzura ko ingero z’ibizamini zafashwe mu cyerekezo gikwiye ugereranyije n’icyerekezo zizungurukamo, kuko ibi bigira ingaruka cyane ku gaciro kavuzwe.ibumbaImiterere n'uburinganire bw'imiterere y'uturemangingo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kuri iyi miterere, bigatuma isuzuma ryimbitse rya MTC riba ingenzi.

Ibimenyetso Bidasobanutse: Kumenya Impamyabushobozi z'ibizamini by'inganda zikoresha uburiganya cyangwa zitari zo

Kumenya ibimenyetso by'ishingiro ku cyemezo cy'ibizamini by'inganda ni ubuhanga buri mukora ibikoresho by'umuvuduko agomba guteza imbere kugira ngo arinde ubucuruzi bwe n'abakoresha ba nyuma. Ikimenyetso cy'ishingiro kigaragara cyane ni inomero y'ubushyuhe ibura cyangwa idashobora kwandikwa. Buri MTC yemewe igomba kuba ikubiyemo inomero y'ubushyuhe yihariye ikurikirana ibikoresho kugeza ku gushonga kwayo. Iyi nomero y'ubushyuhe igomba kandi gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cyangwa ikimenyetso ku bikoresho ubwabyo, kandi byombi bigomba kuba bihuye. Niba inomero y'ubushyuhe ya MTC idahuye n'ibimenyetso biri ku isahani cyangwa ku muyoboro, ibikoresho bigomba gushyirwa mu kato kugeza igihe ikibazo gikemutse. Bamwe mu batanga ibicuruzwa b'abatekamutwe batanga MTC zivuye ku bushyuhe bumwe bw'ibikoresho mu gihe mu by'ukuri bohereza ibikoresho bivuye ku bushyuhe butandukanye kandi bufite ubuziranenge buke.

Ikindi kimenyetso gikomeye ni igihe agaciro kose ka shimi n’aka mashini kavuzwe gahurira neza neza ku rugero ntarengwa cyangwa ntarengwa rw’ibipimo. Nubwo bishoboka ko agaciro kagwa ku mbibi z’ibipimo, birashoboka ko buri kintu kimwe na buri kintu cyose cya mashini byabikora icyarimwe kuri MTC imwe. Iyi miterere ikunze kugaragaza ko MTC yakozwe aho guturuka ku igeragezwa nyaryo. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, shyira amakenga kuri MTC aho imiterere ya mashini igaragaza agaciro kanini karenze cyane urugero ntarengwa rw’ibipimo. Nubwo imbaraga nyinshi zishobora gusa n’izikenewe, imbaraga nyinshi cyane mu gutanga umusaruro muri duplex 2205 zishobora kwerekana ferrite nyinshi, bigabanya gukomera no gusudira. MTC nyazo zituruka mu nganda zizwi zikunze kugaragaza agaciro gakwirakwijwe mu buryo busanzwe mu rugero rw’ibipimo.

Kuba nta cyemezo cya laboratwari cy’umuntu wa gatatu gihari ni ikindi kimenyetso cy’umuburo. Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho bikomeye byo mu bwato, cyane cyane ibyo mu bigo bikorerwamo peteroli na gaze, gutunganya imiti, cyangwa gukuramo umunyu, MTC igomba guherekezwa na raporo z’ibizamini biva muri laboratwari zigenga zemewe. Inganda zizwi zihora zikorana n’amashyirahamwe nka SGS, Bureau Veritas, Lloyd's Register, cyangwa TUV kugira ngo zibone uko zipima kandi zigenzure ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi. Niba umucuruzi adashobora gutanga inyandiko z’ibizamini by’umuntu wa gatatu, cyangwa niba icyemezo cy’umuntu wa gatatu kigaragaza inomero y’ubushyuhe itandukanye na MTC, witondere cyane. Buri gihe genzura aho icyemezo cya laboratwari y’umuntu wa gatatu cyavuzwe kuri icyo cyemezo gihagaze, kandi urebe amakuru ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa byose biboneka ku bacuruzi basanzwe nkaWow Stainless, babika inyandiko zuzuye zujuje ubuziranenge kuicyuma kitagira umwandaimirongo y'ibicuruzwa.

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ko MTC ari ukuri no gukurikirana ibikoresho

Kwemeza icyemezo cy’ikizamini cy’uruganda bisaba uburyo buhamye burenze gusoma gusa inyandiko. Intambwe ya mbere ni uguhamagara uruganda rukora ukoresheje amakuru y’aho ukorera ukoresheje amakuru wabonye ku giti cyawe, atari kuri MTC ubwayo cyangwa ku mucuruzi utanga ayo makuru. Hamagara ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’uruganda hanyuma utange inomero y’ubushyuhe, ibisobanuro by’ibicuruzwa, n’itariki rwakoreweho. Saba kwemeza niba MTC ufite ihuye n’inyandiko zabo. Inganda nyinshi zigezweho, cyane cyane izo mu Burayi, mu Buyapani, muri Koreya y’Epfo, n’abakora mu Bushinwa bazwi, zibika amakuru ajyanye n’uburyo bwo gukurikirana amakuru kuri interineti aho abaguzi bashobora kwemeza imibare y’ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura bukoresheje uruganda ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwemeza ko MTC ari iy’ukuri.

Intambwe ya kabiri yo kugenzura ikubiyemo gusaba raporo z'inyongera z'ibizamini bishimangira amakuru y'ibanze ya MTC. Ku bikoresho by'umuvuduko wa duplex 2205, saba raporo z'ibizamini bya ultrasound (UT) hakurikijwe ASTM A578, ibyemezo by'ibizamini bya corruption hakurikijwe ASTM A923 (bisuzuma by'umwihariko niba imiterere ya duplex ikwiriye), na raporo z'igenzura ry'ibipimo byemeza ubugari, ubugari, n'uburebure. Huza ibisubizo bya UT kuri MTC kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta nenge z'imbere zihari. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bwa ASTM A923 bugaragaza by'umwihariko ibyiciro by'ibyuma nka sigma phase bishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa nabi no kwangirika gukabije kwa corruption no gukomera muri duplex.icyuma kitagira umwanda.

Amaherezo, gereranya amakuru ya MTC n'ibyavuye mu matsinda yabanje ya duplex 2205 yo mu ruganda rumwe n'iyatanzwe n'umucuruzi umwe. Shyiraho ububiko bw'amateka bw'ibinyabutabire, imiterere ya mekanike, n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini. Ingano ihoraho mu bushyuhe bwinshi igaragaza inzira ihamye kandi igenzurwa neza mu gukora. Impinduka zitunguranye mu miterere cyangwa imiterere hagati y'amatsinda, nubwo byombi byaba byujuje ibisabwa, bishobora kugaragaza impinduka mu gushakisha ibikoresho fatizo, guhindura uburyo bwo gukora, cyangwa ibibazo byo kugenzura ubuziranenge mu ruganda. Ku bakora amato akoresha umuvuduko ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kubaka aya makuru y'amateka bisaba ikinyabupfura ariko bitanga uburinzi bukomeye mu kwakira ibikoresho bitari ku rwego rukwiye. Tekereza gushaka umuhanga mu by'icyuma cyangwa injeniyeri w'ibikoresho kugira ngo asuzume MTC kugira ngo amenye amabwiriza afite agaciro gakomeye cyangwa ajyanye n'umutekano, cyane cyane iyo akorana n'abatanga ibicuruzwa bashya ku nshuro ya mbere.

Duplex 2205 vs 316L vs Super Duplex 2507: Guhitamo Ingano Ikwiye

Abahanga mu by’imiyoboro y’ubushyuhe bakunze guhura n’ikibazo cyo gufata icyemezo cyoicyuma kitagira umwandaurwego rwo gusobanura ku ikoreshwa runaka. Ingano eshatu zikunze gufatwa nk'izikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyuma bihumanya ni 316L austenitic stainless steel, duplex 2205, na super duplex 2507. Buri rwego rutanga ibyiza n'imbogamizi bitandukanye bigomba gusuzumwa ukurikije imiterere yihariye y'imikorere y'umuyoboro w'igitutu. Gusobanukirwa izi tandukaniro ni ingenzi kugira ngo hakorwe amahitamo meza ku bikoresho bihendutse kandi byemeza ko serivisi irambye ari iy'ukuri. DukurikijeSSINA, guhitamo urwego biterwa n'ibidukikije byangiza, ubushyuhe bwo gukora, igitutu gisabwa, n'igihe giteganijwe cyo gukora ibikoresho.

Icyiciro cya 316L ni cyo cy'ubukorikori bukabijeicyuma kitagira umwandaku bidukikije bito bito byangiza. Ifite chromium iri hagati ya 16-18%, nikeli iri hagati ya 10-14%, na molybdenum iri hagati ya 2-3%, 316L itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese muri rusange, ikaba ishobora no gukururwa neza no gusudira. Ariko, PREN yayo iri hagati ya 23-26 ituma ishobora kwangirika mu miyoboro no mu miferege mu bidukikije bya chloride, cyane cyane ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 50. Ingufu zayo zingana na 170-205 MPa ni hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro wa duplex 2205, ikenera inkuta z’imiyoboro miremire kugira ngo igire igipimo cy’umuvuduko kingana. Urwego rwa 316L ruracyari amahitamo akwiye mu gutunganya imiti, ibiryo n’ibinyobwa, imiti, n’inyubako aho chloride iri hasi kandi ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha neza ari ingenzi.

Duplex 2205 ifata ubutaka bwo hagati, itanga imbaraga zikubye kabiri 316L na PREN ya 34-35, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu nganda zikungahaye kuri chloride mu nganda zitunganya imiti, mu nganda zikora peteroli na gaze, mu nganda zitunganya amazi, no mu nganda zitunganya imyanda n'impapuro. Ingano nto ya nikeli ugereranije na 316L inatanga ibiciro bihamye, kuko ibiciro bya nikeli bishobora guhinduka. Super duplex 2507, ifite hafi 25% bya chromium, 7% bya nikeli, na 4% bya molybdenum, itanga PREN iri hejuru ya 40 kandi igomba kugaragazwa gusa iyo imiterere y'imikorere irenze ubushobozi bwa duplex 2205. Ibi birimo chloride nyinshi, ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 60 mu mazi yo mu nyanja, ibidukikije byo mu nyanja, no gutunganya aside cyane. Ariko, super duplex 2507 isaba uburyo bukomeye bwo gusudira, kugenzura ubushyuhe cyane, n'ibiciro by'ibikoresho biri hejuru, bigatuma duplex 2205 iba amahitamo meza y'ubuhanga mu gukoresha ubwato bwinshi bukoresha ingufu ku isi.

Porogaramu zo mu Isi Nyayo: Aho Duplex 2205 Ibyuma Bishyushya Ubushyuhe bya Excel

Gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umugese bya duplex 2205 mu gukora ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi bikorerwa mu nganda nyinshi zikomeye aho ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi n’umuvuduko mwinshi bihurira. Mu nganda zitunganya imiti ku nkengero z’inyanja ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, cyane cyane mu nganda za Houston, duplex 2205 yabaye ibikoresho bisanzwe ku byuma bitunganya amashanyarazi, inkingi, ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe, n’ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibikoresho bikoresha imiyoboro ikungahaye kuri chloride. Uruganda rw’imiti rwo muri Houston rugaragaza duplex 2205 ku nganda nshya ikora chloride y’umwimerere rwatangaje ko ubuzima bwo gukora buzaba bwiyongeraho 300% ugereranije n’ubwakoreshejwe mbere bwa 316L, bwasabye gusimburwa buri myaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu bitewe n’ingufu zangizaga imyobo no kwangirika kw’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi. Igiciro cy’ibikoresho bya mbere bya duplex 2205 cyagabanutse mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’imikorere binyuze mu gukuraho ifungwa ritari riteganyijwe n’ikiguzi cyo gusana byihutirwa.

Urusobe rw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gazi mu Nyanja y'Amajyaruguru ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu gutwara ibinyabiziga bya duplex 2205. Guhuza amazi yo mu nyanja, hydrogen sulfide mu mazi akorwa, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'ubushyuhe buke bw'ikirere bitanga imwe mu miterere isaba serivisi nyinshi ku bikoresho byose by'ubuhanga. Abakora mu Nyanja y'Amajyaruguru bashyizeho uburyo bwa duplex 2205 bwo gukoresha amazi yo mu nyanja, ibikoresho bitandukanya ibikorwa, n'ibikoresho bitunganya amazi byakozwe. Uburyo ibikoresho birwanya ingese ya chloride n'uburyo bikurikizaNACE MR0175Ibisabwa kuri serivisi nziza bituma ikoreshwa neza muri ubu buryo. Uburyo bwo gusudira ubwato bwa North Sea duplex 2205 bugomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bikomeye by’ubuziranenge, harimo ubushyuhe bugenzurwa, ubushyuhe bwo hagati y’ubwato, no kugenzura ingano ya ferrite nyuma yo gusudira kugira ngo harebwe ko imiyoboro ikoze neza nk’uko ibikoresho byayo bibikora.

Inganda zitunganya amazi mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, cyane cyane muri Arabiya Sawudite no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu, zakoresheje duplex 2205 mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, imiyoboro ishyushye, n'imiyoboro ishyushya amazi. Kuba hari chloride nyinshi cyane mu mazi yo mu nyanja ya Arabiya (hafi 45.000-50.000 mg/L yose yashongeshejwe) hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 40-55 mu mikorere yo gukuramo amazi mu bushyuhe bituma 316L idakwiye gukoreshwa bitewe n'igitero cyihuse cyo gukurura amazi. Duplex 2205 itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese mu gihe ireka inkuta z'imiyoboro zigakomera bitewe n'imbaraga zayo zikomeye za mekanike, bigabanyiriza ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho n'icyo gukora. Inganda zitunganya imyanda n'impapuro muri Scandinavie na Amerika y'Epfo nazo zishingiye cyane kuri duplex 2205 ku bikoresho bigabanya amazi, imashini zisukura bleach, n'imiyoboro igarura imiti aho kurwanya inzoga zirimo aside chloride ari ngombwa kugira ngo ikore neza.

Gushaka Uburyo Bwiza bwo Gukoresha Inganda Zikora Ingufu Zishyushya

Gushyiraho gahunda ikomeye y’abatanga serivisi ni ishingiro ry’uburyo bwo kubona ibikoresho bya duplex 2205 mu gukora imiyoboro y’umuvuduko. Tangira ugenzura ko uruganda rukora rufite ibyemezo bigezweho ku buryo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge bwa ISO 9001, kandi aho bikenewe, ibyemezo byihariye by’inganda nka PED (Pressure Equipment Directive), NADCAP, cyangwa ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge bwa kirimbuzi. Saba igitabo cyuzuye cy’ubuziranenge cyangwa gahunda y’ubuziranenge kuva ku ruganda rugaragaza uburyo bwo kugenzura no gupima amanota ya duplex. Suzuma ubushobozi bw’uruganda bwo gukora ibizamini byose bikenewe mu rugo, harimo isesengura ry’ibinyabutabire (spectroscopy y’ingufu z’amaso cyangwa XRF), ibizamini bya mekanike (gukora cyane, gukomera, ingaruka), ibizamini bya corruption (ASTM A923), n’isuzuma ritangiza (ibizamini bya ultrasonic). Uruganda rugomba gutumiza hanze ibizamini by’ingenzi rushobora gutera gutinda no gusaba ibindi byangombwa by’inyandiko zo gukurikirana.

Mu gihe utanga amabwiriza yo kugura ibikoresho by’ubwato bwa duplex 2205, shyiramo ibisabwa bisobanutse ku bikubiye muri MTC n’imiterere yayo. Garagaza ko MTC igomba gutangwa hakurikijwe EN 10204 Ubwoko bwa 3.1 (icyemezo cy’igenzura cyatanzwe n’umukozi) cyangwa Ubwoko bwa 3.2 (icyemezo cy’igenzura cyemejwe n’ikigo cyigenga), bitewe n’uburemere bw’ikoreshwa ryayo. Ku bwato bufite ikimenyetso cya ASME, Ubwoko bwa 3.1 bwa EN 10204 ni bwo busabwa nibura. Ku birebana n’ibikorwa byo mu mazi, ibya kirimbuzi, cyangwa ibindi bintu bikomeye, icyemezo cya Type 3.2 hamwe n’igeragezwa ry’abatangabuhamya ni cyo gisabwa. Vuga neza ibisobanuro by’ibikoresho bikoreshwa (ASTM A240, ASME SA-240, cyangwa bingana na byo), uburyo bukenewe bwo gupima, icyerekezo cy’ingero, n’ibipimo byo kwemerwa kuri buri tegeko ryo kugura. Ubudasa mu bipimo by’igurishwa ni yo soko ikunze gutera amakimbirane ya MTC hagati y’abakora n’abatanga ibicuruzwa.

Kubaka umubano w’igihe kirekire n’abatanga serivisi za duplex 2205 babishoboye bitanga inyungu zikomeye mu bijyanye no kuba bahoraho, bizerwa, kandi bafite ubufasha mu bya tekiniki.Wow Stainless, ikorera i Ningbo, mu Bushinwa, yubatse izina ryayo mu gutanga inyandiko zemejwe hamwe n'inyandiko zuzuye ku baguzi mpuzamahanga. Urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa byabo ntabwo rurimo gusa amanota abiri ahubwo runakubiyemo amahitamo menshi ya austenitic na ferritic.icyuma kitagira umwandaimigozi, uduce, n'impapuro mu byiciro nka 304, 316L, 430, 409, na 201, biboneka binyuze murikatalogu y'ibicuruzwaKu bakora utwuma dupima abatanga ibikoresho bitanga umuvuduko, batangira bagerageza ingano nto, bashyire ibikoresho byakiriwe mu isuzuma ryigenga, kandi bagenzure neza inyandiko za MTC mbere yo kwemeza ingano nini y'ibicuruzwa. Ubu buryo buboneye bwo gutanga serivisi burinda uruganda n'abakoresha ba nyuma bashingira ku busugire bwa buri tumodoka dutanga umuvuduko.